Table 3. Agents in phase III clinical trials for AD treatments.

Name

Company

Mechanism of action or target

Reference

AC-1202

Accera

Not disclosed

168

AC-1204

Accera

Stimulation of metabolic processes

174

Aducanumab

Biogen Co.

Anti beta-amyloid

39

ALZT-OP1

AZ Therapeutics

Prevents aggregation of beta-amyloid

69

AVP-786 (CTP-786)

Avanir Pharmaceuticals

NMDAR antagonist

103

AZD-3293 (LY-3314814)

AstraZeneca, Eli Lilly

Inhibitors of beta-secretase (BACE-1)

63

Bapineuzumab

OOP&Johnson

Humanized monoclonal antibody acting on soluble forms of amyloid

44, 45

Crenezumab

AC Immune and Genetech

Anti beta-amyloid

54

Encenicline hydrochloride

Bayer

Acetylcholine (nicotinic) receptors ligand, nicotinic alpha-7-nAChR agonist

98

Epigallocatechin Gallate

Taiyo International

Amyloid-related, antioxidant

164

Gammagard

Baxalta

Anti beta-amyloid

42, 43

Gantenerumab

Hoffmann-La Roche

Anti beta-amyloid

40

GV-971

Shanghai Green Valley

Inhibitor beta-amyloid aggregation and neuroinflammation

70

Humulin RU-100

NIH

Amyloid-Related

188, 189

HX-106

VitroMed

Antioxidant

163

Insulin detemir (Levemir/Levemir300)

Novo Nordisk

Not disclosed

190

Intepirdine (SB-742457)

GlaxoSmithKline

5-HT6 receptor antagonist

93

JNJ-54861911

Janssen

BACE inhibitor

64

Lu-AE-58054

Lundbeck

Serotonin receptors (5-Hydrotryptamine)

92

Masitinib mesylate

AB Science

Inhibitor of c-KIT receptor, growth factor receptor (PDGFR), fibroblast growth factor receptor-3 (FGFR-3) tyrosine kinases

109

Memryte

Durect, Curaxis Pharmaceutical

Durin-leuprolide acetate and GnRH (LHRH) receptor agonist

108

MK8931 (Verubecestat)

Merck&Co

BACE-1 inhibitor

62

Nilvadipine (ARC-029)

Astellas Pharma

Calcium channel blocker, antioxidant

110

Pioglitazone

Takeda

Inflammation

194

Resveratrol

Solgar, Country Life, MRM

Multitarget: antioxidant, MAO-A, beta-secretase, xanthine oxidase, NF-kappaB

169, 170

Scyllo-Inositol (ELND005)

Transition Therapeutics

Inhibitor of amyloid beta peptide aggregation

72

SK-PC-B70M

SK Chemicals

Antioxidant

165

Solanezumab

Ely Lilly

Anti beta-amyloid

37, 38

Tramiprosate

Neurochem

Anti-amyloid

76

TRx-00237

Janssen, Pfizer, TauRx Therapeutics

Amyloid-Related, Tau aggregation

88